Fig. 3: Model estimates from LME models.

a,b, An accelerated decrease in SC–FC between ages 4.5 and 6 years in the high-adversity group (N = 25, total of 34 scans) relative to the low-adversity group (N = 143, total of 197 scans) was observed for the whole cortex (P = 0.022) (a) and for the FPN (P = 0.007) (b) but not for the VIS (P = 0.438) (b). Results were estimated using LME models, and one-tailed P values reported are for the Adversity_Low:Age interaction term. In a, the bar charts show model estimates of the mean ± s.e.m. In b, the boxplots are displayed as the Tukey’s five number summary (the bold horizontal line denotes the median; the lower and upper hinges denote the first and third quartiles, respectively; the whiskers extend to the furthest data point within 1.5 × the interquartile range; and the dots exceeding the whiskers denote outliers). c, DNA methylation-based epigenetic age acceleration (N = 241) at age 6 years is significantly higher in the high-adversity group (N = 25) relative to the low-adversity group (N = 132; P = 0.01). The P values (one-tailed) reported were estimated using a linear regression model. Data in the bar charts show the mean ± s.e.m. of the actual data. No multiple comparison corrections were performed. For all plots, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01. The brain network images in b were made using the ggsegYeo2011 package⁷³ (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4896734).