Extended Data Fig. 1: Study Flowchart.

The GUSTO cohort involves multiple waves of data collection from mother-child dyads. Pregnant women were recruited during their first trimester, during which demographic and maternal measures were collected. Neuroimaging data was collected at three study time-points during childhood (age 4.5, 6, 7.5 years) – participants were included if they had data collected at at least one time-point. Finally, child behaviour data was assessed at age 7 years. Sample size for each analysis was based on complete available data at that stage. Note: SC-FC, Structure-function coupling; GAM, Generalized Additive Model; LME, Linear Mixed Effects model; CBCL, Child Behavior Checklist; BPI, Berkeley Puppet Interview; IT, Impossible Tangram.