Table 1 Clinical and demographic sample details for the training sample at baseline and the independent validation sample

From: Brain texture as a marker of transdiagnostic clinical profiles in patients with recent-onset psychosis and depression

Group

HC

ROD

ROP

Merged ROP–ROD

ANOVA between HC, ROP and ROD

Merged ROP–ROD at follow-up (after one year)

Training sample at the baseline

Number, n

197

116

122

238

 

203

Age (years), mean (s.d.)

26.8 (6.99)

27.5 (5.98)

26.5 (5.37)

25.63 (6.14)

F(2,432) = 0.772 (P = 0.463)

26.94 (5.84)

Sex (n for male (female))

89 (108)

55 (61)

69 (53)

124 (114)

F(2,432) = 4.59 (P = 0.011)

111 (54.68%)

Ethnicity (%)

    

F(2,210) = 1.97 (P = 0.142)

 

 White

83.98

87.14

77.97

82.71

 

77.54

 Black

2.14

—

2.77

1.33

 

—

 Asian

10.54

2.66

10.12

6.21

 

11.04

 Caribbean

—

1.76

1.80

1.84

 

—

 Other

3.34

8.44

7.34

7.91

 

11.42

PANSS_positive (s.d.)

—

8.23 (2.18)

11.9 (6.26)

10.0 (4.99)

F(1,701.7) = 32.58, P = 0.001*

10.03 (4.99)

PANSS_negative (s.d.)

—

11.6 (5.61)

14.1 (7.91)

12.8 (6.93)

F(1,322.1) = 6.91, P = 0.009*

12.78 (6.92)

PANSS_excitement (s.d.)

—

11.4 (2.63)

14.8 (6.84)

13.0 (5.41)

F(1,616) = 23.36, P = 0.001*

10.30 (3.28)

PANSS_distress (s.d.)

—

9.68 (2.60)

11.0 (3.77)

10.3 (3.28)

F(1,84.4) = 8.13, P = 0.005*

12.94 (5.32)

PANSS_disorganization (s.d.)

—

12.4 (4.59)

13.5 (5.95)

12.9 (5.32)

F(1,65.3) = 2.33, P = 0.13

13.04 (5.41)

GAF (s.d.)

—

57.35 (14.8)

46.16 (11.93)

51.93 (14.58)

F(1,218) = 39.2, P < 0.001*

65.98 (15.28)

BDI-II (s.d.)

—

11.008 (11.354)

9.718 (10.957)

10.3805 (11.074)

F(1,171) = 0.287, P = 0.593

15.96 (13.65)

SANS_blunted affect

—

0.510 (0.765)

1.07 (1.17)

0.793 (1.03)

F(1,252) = 23.99, P < 0.001*

0.509 (0.85)

SANS_alogia

—

0.528 (0.797)

1.15 (1.24)

0.840 (1.08)

F(1,249) = 26.39, P < 0.001*

0.519 (0.872)

SANS_avolition

—

0.250 (0.514)

0.988 (1.22)

0.618 (1.01)

F(1,195) = 45.28, P < 0.001*

0.317 (0.70)

SANS_anhedonia

—

1.88 (1.79)

2.76 (1.88)

2.32 (1.89)

F(1,291) = 17.05, P < 0.001*

1.133 (1.612)

SANS_asociality

—

1.09 (1.08)

1.33 (1.21)

1.29 (1.16)

F(1,288) = 8.91, P = 0.003*

0.669 (0.971)

Independent validation sample

Number, n

159

94

137

231

 

132

Age (years), mean (s.d.)

25.0 (5.33)

26.04 (5.47)

25.8 (6.12)

26.07 (5.71)

F(2,231) = 2.13 P = 0.121

26.24 (5.74)

Sex (n for male (female))

70 (89)

46 (48)

75 (62)

123 (110)

F(2,233) = 0.965 P = 0.382

123 (53.25%)

Ethnicity (%)

    

F(2,286) = 0.663 P = 0.516

 

 White

84.83

87.82

77.82

82.33

 

82.31

 Black

2.04

—

4.04

2.04

 

3.04

 Asian

3.43

0.71

5.53

3.43

 

3.40

 Caribbean

0.1

0.1

0.0

1.44

 

—

 Other

9.60

11.37

12.61

10.76

 

11.25

PANSS_positive (s.d.)

—

10.28 (2.95)

15.19 (4.03)

12.11 (4.14)

F(1,116) = 8107, P < 0.001*

11.29 (5.48)

PANSS_negative (s.d.)

—

16.23 (7.19)

14.47 (6.71)

15.58 (7.05)

F(1,158) = 2.93, P = 0.089

13.38 (6.083)

PANSS_excitement (s.d.)

—

12.4 (3.96)

13 (4.26)

12.62 (4.08)

F(1,140) = 0.9368, P = 0.335*

10.96 (3.64)

PANSS_distress (s.d.)

—

18.28 (6.27)

17.22 (5.48)

17.89 (5.99)

F(1,165) = 1.15, P = 0.221

13.78 (5.38)

PANSS_disorganization (s.d.)

—

13.59 (3.61)

16.97 (6.18)

14.85 (4.99)

F(1,100) = 17.85, P < 0.001*

13.59 (5.42)

GAF (s.d.)

—

52.22 (12.38)

45.5 (16.36)

47.66 (15.48)

F(1,90.6) = 5.93, P < 0.002*

62.62 (16.25)

BDI-II (s.d.)

—

24.99 (14.76)

16.413 (15.09)

20.249 (15.521)

F(1,230) = 14.36, P < 0.001*

14.49 (13.02)

SANS_blunted affect

—

0.481 (0.672)

1.109 (1.34)

0.867 (1.16)

F(1,65.5) = 6.754, P = 0.012

0.917 (1.68)

SANS_alogia

—

0.593 (0.888)

1.27 (1.42)

1.01 (1.28)

F(1,68) = 6.050, P = 0.016

0.695 (1.34)

SANS_avolition

—

0.324 (0.7)

0.890 (1.27)

0.671 (1.11)

F(1,67.1) = 5.759, P = 0.019

0.404 (0.81)

SANS_anhedonia

—

2.59 (1.97)

2.23 (1.89)

2.37 (1.91)

F(1,53.7) = 0.573, P = 0.452

0.443 (0.83)

SANS_asociality

—

1.16 (1.24)

1.35 (1.32)

1.28 (1.28)

F(1,57.8) = 0.364, P = 0.548

1.057 (1.23)

  1. ANOVA, analysis of variance; PANSS, positive and negative symptom scale; GAF, global assessment of functioning; BDI-II, Beck Depression Inventory-II; SANS (scale for the assessment of negative symptoms). *P = 0.01.
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