Extended Data Fig. 4: Characterization of GAC/PFOS/Na before and after FJH.

a) LCMS results for GAC/PFOS/Na FJH at 130 V for 2.00 s. The PFOS removal efficiency is 99.97%. The data are presented as the mean ± s.d. of the LCMS results from 3 parallel experiments (n = 3). b) XRD spectra of the raw materials and FJH products. The blue trace represents a sample containing a slightly higher loading of PFOS so that we can observe the NaF peaks in the XRD spectra. c) 19F NMR spectra of the raw material and FJH products before and after rinsing, d) XPS elemental spectra of the raw material and FJH products.