Fig. 5: Experimental validation of EIP ion transport model.
From: Theory for dynamic ion transport in ion-shuttling electrodes for electrochemical ion pumping
a, A schematic of the EIP experimental set-up with one CSE and two Ag/AgCl reference electrodes (RE1 an RE2). The addition of reference electrodes allows the quantification of the CSE potential, which, more precisely, is the potential of the current collector. b, Representative real-time current and potentials of the CSE (versus Ag/AgCl) with a step time of 5 s (top) and 400 s (bottom). The current density for both charging and discharge is 20 A m−2. c,d, Experimental measurements (circles) versus simulation data (solid curves) of CSE potential at different current densities for an EIP process with a step time of 5 s (c) and 400 s (d). e,f, Experimental measurements (diamonds and circles) versus simulation data (solid curves) of salt concentrations in the diluate stream and the concentrate stream for an EIP process with a step time of 5 s (e) and 400 s (f). Other parameters are presented in Supplementary Tables 1 and 2.
