Fig. 3: Daily combined global lake and reservoir fluxes under different climate scenarios.

a–d, The 2000–2019 baseline emissions versus predicted emissions under the SSP5-8.5 climate scenario at 2080–2099 (a,c) and the difference between the two (b,d) in the northern and southern hemispheres, respectively. The differences between all used SSP scenarios and the baseline are shown in panel b (northern hemisphere) and d (southern hemisphere). The irregular patterns in the spring (March–June) and fall/winter (October–December), particularly in the northern hemisphere (a,b) are due to changes in ice-free season length and timing of emissions upon ice melt and seasonal water column turnover. The smoother portions of the predicted increases between these times primarily reflects temperature-related increases.