Extended Data Fig. 9: Material flow of different scenarios for lithium extraction from brine. | Nature Water

Extended Data Fig. 9: Material flow of different scenarios for lithium extraction from brine.

From: Waste per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance-assisted flash fluorination for lithium recovery from brine

Extended Data Fig. 9: Material flow of different scenarios for lithium extraction from brine.

a, ETF process using AFFF/GAC as the fluorination agent. Gr denotes graphene. GAC and PFAS were converted to flash graphene during the process. b, Material flow of the industrial sorption process for lithium recovery from brine. c, Material flow of the industrial evaporation-precipitation process for lithium recovery from brine. C-brine-X means the concentrated brine, where X indicates different steps, and the chemicals in the brackets after are the components in the C-brine.

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