Fig. 6: Benzenesulfonamide compounds limits P. epiphaga and E. cuniculi infection.

A P. epiphaga spores were incubated with compounds at a concentration of 200 μM for 1 h and then L1 stage C. elegans were added and cultured for 4 days. Animals were then fixed and stained with DY96 and a P. epiphaga 18S rRNA FISH probe. Quantification of pathogen load. B E. cuniculi spores were incubated with 5337895, acetone, or 1% DMSO for 24 h, followed by staining with Fluorescent Brightener 28, Sytox Green, and propidium iodine. Quantification of spore mortality. C, D E. cuniculi spores were incubated with 5337895, acetone, or 1% DMSO for 24 h. Spores were then added to RK-13 cells and incubated for 3 days. C Cells were fixed, stained with Fluorescent Brightener 28 and parasitophorous vacuole number counted. D Quantitation of E. cuniculi SSU concentration. E, F RK-13 cells were incubated with E. cuniculi spores and either 5 μM dexrazoxane, 25 μM 5357859, or 200 nM albendazole for either 3 or 5 days. E Cells were fixed, stained with Fluorescent Brightener 28, and parasitophorous vacuole number counted. F Quantitation of E. cuniculi SSU concentration. Benzenesulfonamide compounds are colored red. n = 3 biological replicates, N = 10 animals (A), N = ≥ 100 spores (B), N > = 10 figure (C, E), or N = three well samples (D, F) qquantified per biological replicate. The P values were determined by one-way ANOVA (A, B) or two-way ANOVA(C–F) with post hoc test. Means ± SD (horizontal bars) are shown (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ****p < 0.0001, ns means not significant).