Fig. 2: Applications of nanopore sequencing in bacterial antimicrobial resistance research.

A Application of nanopore sequencing in rapid bacterial genome resolution. Currently, the primary approach for constructing bacterial complete genomes is the hybrid assembly strategy, which combines nanopore long-read sequencing with high-accuracy short-read high-throughput sequencing. With the release of ONT R10.4 nanopore sequencing platform, complete MDR bacterial genomes can now be constructed using only nanopore sequencing data. B Identification and quantification of ARGs from metagenomes using nanopore sequecing. Compared with traditional metagenomic sequencing, nanopore long-read metagenomic sequencing offers more accurate identification of the genetic context of ARGs, enables tracking of ARG host information, and facilitates the assembly of more complete genomes of MDR bacteria. C Application of nanopore target sequencing in low-abundance ARGs detection. There are two primary enrichment strategies for detecting low-abundance ARGs: Cas9-based nanopore targeted sequencing and nanopore adaptive sampling sequencing.