Table 3 Price per ton of malted grain (barley and rice) or milled rice accounting for malting loss, malting cost, and extract

Malt or milled rice	Extract	Malting loss	Price per ton of raw material	Price per ton of raw material and malting loss	Price per ton of final product^A	Price per ton of extract
	[% d.b.]	[% d.b.]	[$ t⁻¹]	[$ t⁻¹]	[$ t⁻¹]	[$ t⁻¹]
BM	81.4^b	10.5^f	353^c	394^d	909^d	1000^f
LGR	64.1^e	16.2^a	374^b	442^c	1068^c	1315^c
MGR	62.9^c	15.0^d	410^a	478^a	1114^a	1386^a
PLR	72.1^d	15.5^c	374^b	443^c	1068^c	1240^e
HLR	62.1^f	15.8^b	374^b	444^c	1070^c	1340^b
PMR	73.0^c	12.6^e	410^a	469^b	1095^b	1268^d
BR	85.0^a	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	560^c	660ⁱ
SH	85.0^a	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	606^f	713^h
HR	85.0^a	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	821^e	966^g

BM barley malt, LGR average from all long grain rice malt, MGR average from all medium grain rice malt, PLR best performing pureline long grain rice malt, HLR hybrid rice malt, PMR best performing pureline medium grain rice malt, BRbrewer’s rice (milled rice), SH second heads (milled rice), HR head rice (milled rice). Extract is the amount of soluble material extracted from raw materials in brewing. Malting loss is the amount of material lost during malting. Prices were presented in 2024 $ corrected by inflation. % d.b. percentage dry-basis. Calculated using supplementary equations (SE) 34–36 in Supplementary Information. Lowercase letters differentiate between distinct groups (Fischer’s test, p = 0.05, for distribution; Dunnet’s test for single value comparison, p = 0.05).
^aFinal product is malt (BM, LGR, MGR, PLR, HLR, and PMR) or milled rice (BR, SH, and HR).
NA – not applicable.

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