Table 2 Study 1, Exploratory and Holdout samples: Quadratic moderation analyses, Study 1.

From: Respondents with more extreme views show moderation of opinions in multi-year surveys in the USA and the Netherlands

		Exploratory sample			Holdout sample
Attitude		b	95% CI	p	b	95% CI	p
Gender egalitarianism	Time linear	0.00	−0.02 to 0.02	0.981	−0.01	−0.02 to −0.00	0.026
	Time quadratic	−0.01	−0.05 to 0.03	0.544	0.01	−0.01 to 0.02	0.574
	Baseline attitude	0.57	0.52–0.62	< 0.001	0.62	0.60–0.65	< 0.001
	Time linear x baseline attitude	−0.23	−0.26 to −0.19	< 0.001	−0.20	−0.22 to −0.19	< 0.001
	Time quadratic x baseline attitude	0.20	0.14–0.26	< 0.001	0.17	0.14–0.20	< 0.001
Support for affirmative action	Time linear	−0.03	−0.06 to 0.00	0.066	0.01	−0.00 to 0.03	0.153
	Time quadratic	0.00	−0.05 to 0.05	0.994	−0.02	−0.04 to 0.01	0.207
	Baseline attitude	0.53	0.48 to 0.58	< 0.001	0.58	0.55–0.60	< 0.001
	Time linear x baseline attitude	−0.20	−0.24 to −0.17	< 0.001	−0.23	−0.24 to −0.21	< 0.001
	Time quadratic x baseline attitude	0.26	0.21–0.32	< 0.001	0.20	0.17–0.23	< 0.001
Support for redistribution	Time linear	−0.08	−0.15 to −0.01	0.021	−0.08	−0.12 to −0.05	< 0.001
	Time quadratic	0.10	−0.02 to 0.22	0.091	−0.02	−0.09 to 0.04	0.437
	Baseline attitude	0.48	0.43–0.53	< 0.001	0.53	0.51–0.56	< 0.001
	Time linear x baseline attitude	−0.23	−0.26 to −0.19	< 0.001	−0.22	−0.24 to −0.21	< 0.001
	Time quadratic x baseline attitude	0.30	0.24–0.36	< 0.001	0.25	0.22–0.28	< 0.001
Support for contraception for teens	Time linear	−0.02	−0.06 to 0.02	0.305	−0.02	−0.04 to −0.00	0.016
	Time quadratic	−0.01	−0.08 to 0.06	0.786	0.01	−0.02 to 0.04	0.488
	Baseline attitude	0.55	0.49–0.60	< 0.001	0.60	0.57–0.63	< 0.001
	Time linear x baseline attitude	−0.27	−0.30 to −0.23	< 0.001	−0.25	−0.27 to −0.24	< 0.001
	Time quadratic x baseline attitude	0.20	0.13–0.26	< 0.001	0.16	0.13–0.19	< 0.001
Support of gays/lesbians	Time linear	−0.02	−0.04 to 0.00	0.070	−0.01	−0.02 to −0.00	0.037
	Time quadratic	−0.01	−0.05 to 0.03	0.753	0.00	−0.02 to 0.02	0.842
	Baseline attitude	0.81	0.77–0.85	< 0.001	0.79	0.77–0.81	< 0.001
	Time linear x baseline attitude	−0.11	−0.14 to −0.09	< 0.001	−0.12	−0.13 to −0.10	< 0.001
	Time quadratic x baseline attitude	0.08	0.03–0.12	< 0.001	0.10	0.08–0.12	< 0.001
Disapproval of children corporal punishment	Time linear	−0.03	−0.06 to −0.00	0.036	−0.02	−0.04 to −0.01	0.004
	Time quadratic	−0.04	−0.08–0.01	0.147	−0.01	−0.03 to 0.02	0.458
	Baseline attitude	0.59	0.54–0.64	< 0.001	0.58	0.55–0.61	< 0.001
	Time linear x baseline attitude	−0.24	−0.28 to −0.21	< 0.001	−0.21	−0.23 to −0.20	< 0.001
	Time quadratic x baseline attitude	0.17	0.11–0.22	< 0.001	0.21	0.18–0.24	< 0.001
Permissive sex attitudes	Time linear	0.00	−0.03 to 0.03	0.872	0.02	0.01–0.04	0.001
	Time quadratic	−0.00	−0.05 to 0.04	0.867	0.00	−0.02 to 0.03	0.832
	Baseline attitude	0.63	0.59–0.68	< 0.001	0.66	0.63–0.68	< 0.001
	Time linear x baseline attitude	−0.17	−0.20 to −0.14	< 0.001	−0.18	−0.20 to −0.16	< 0.001
	Time quadratic x baseline attitude	0.20	0.14–0.25	< 0.001	0.16	0.14–0.19	< 0.001
Justification of sexual infidelity	Time linear	0.02	−0.01 to 0.04	0.235	−0.00	−0.01 to 0.01	0.946
	Time quadratic	−0.01	−0.06 to 0.03	0.502	0.01	−0.01 to 0.03	0.469
	Baseline attitude	0.50	0.44–0.56	< 0.001	0.41	0.38–0.44	< 0.001
	Time linear x baseline attitude	−0.26	−0.30 to −0.22	< 0.001	−0.30	−0.32 to −0.28	< 0.001
	Time quadratic x baseline attitude	0.25	0.18–0.32	< 0.001	0.29	0.26–0.33	< 0.001

All predictors were centered; all models included a random intercept at the level of participants. N = 4668.

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Table 2 Study 1, Exploratory and Holdout samples: Quadratic moderation analyses, Study 1.

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