Fig. 2: Descriptive statistics for single-item and scale indicators of spiritual boredom.

Note. Top panel refers to levels of spiritual boredom as assessed via the single-items assessing spiritual boredom in the respective context as a whole: “When I practice yoga, I usually get bored” (yoga – trait); “During the yoga session I had just completed I was bored” (yoga – state); “When I practice meditation, I usually get bored” (meditation – trait); “During the meditation session I had just completed I was bored” (meditation - state); “During silence retreats, I usually get bored” (silence retreat – trait); “In the current or completed silence retreat I was bored” (silence retreat – state); “I generally find sermons boring” (sermon – trait); “I found the sermon boring today” (sermon – state); “When I’m on a pilgrimage, I usually get bored” (pilgrimage – trait); “Please think about the last days of your pilgrimage. …I felt bored” (pilgrimage – state). The relative size of the circles corresponds to the relative frequencies of the rating categories within studies. The bottom panel shows the distributions of participant’s scores on the spiritual boredom multi-items scales used in the respective studies. The y-axes of both panels depict the five-point Likert response format that was used to assess boredom in all studies (i.e., a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 1 [completely disagree] to 5 [completely agree]). The black triangles indicate the mean values in both panels. The orange circles/lines refer to the trait assessment, the blue circles/lines refer to the state assessment. Sample sizes (trait/state): yoga n = 159/57 participants; meditation n = 63/61 participants; silence retreat n = 90/40 participants; sermon n = 414/97 participants; pilgrimage n = 162/124 participants.