Table 4 Antecedents and effects of spiritual boredom

From: Spiritual boredom is associated with over- and underchallenge, lack of value, and reduced motivation

Spiritual Context

Study

Trait/State

Overchallenge

Underchallenge

Value

Motivation

Yoga

1

Trait

0.44***

[0.37, 0.50]

0.54***

[0.48, 0.59]

−0.62***

[−0.67, −0.57]

−0.49***

[−0.55, −0.43]

 

2

State

0.29* (0.030)

[0.16, 0.41]

0.72***

[0.65, 0.78]

−0.56***

[−0.64, −0.46]

−0.66***

[−0.73, −0.57]

Meditation

3

Trait

0.36** (0.004)

[0.24, 0.47]

0.48***

[0.37, 0.58]

−0.56***

[−0.64, −0.47]

−0.36+ (0.060)

[−0.52, −0.17]

 

4

State

0.35** (0.006)

[0.23, 0.46]

0.42***

[0.30, 0.52]

−0.28* (0.029)

[−0.40, −0.16]

−0.28* (0.026)

[−0.40, −0.16]

Silence retreat

5

Trait

0.45***

[0.35, 0.53]

0.29** (0.009)

[0.19, 0.40]

−0.53***

[−0.61, −0.45]

−0.47***

[−0.55, −0.38]

 

6

State

0.55***

[0.43, 0.66]

0.38* (0.018)

[0.22, 0.51]

−0.61***

[−0.70, −0.50]

−0.58***

[−0.68, −0.46]

Sermon

7

Trait

0.03 (0.547)

[−0.02, 0.09]

0.23***

[0.18, 0.28]

−0.68***

[−0.71, −0.65]

−0.58***

[−0.61, −0.54]

 

8

State

0.75***

[0.70, 0.79]

0.56***

[0.49, 0.63]

−0.39***

[−0.47, −0.30]

−0.23* (0.023)

[−0.33, −0.13]

Pilgrimage

9

Trait

0.53***

[0.47, 0.59]

0.41***

[0.34, 0.47]

−0.59***

[−0.64, −0.53]

−0.53***

[−0.58, −0.47]

 

10

State

0.50***

[0.43, 0.56]

0.34***

[0.25, 0.42]

−0.37***

[−0.45, −0.29]

−0.33***

[−0.41, −0.25]

  1. All constructs were assessed by using 5-point rating scales ranging from 1 (completely disagree) to 5 (completely agree). For p-values > 0.001, the exact p-values (two-sided test) are provided in parentheses. 95% confidence intervals are presented.
  2. +) p < 0.10; *) p < 0.05; **) p < 0.01; ***) p < 0.001.