Table 1 Linear mixed-effects model results and effect sizes for CDS prevalence by ideological group

From: Cognitive distortions are associated with increasing political polarization

Group

Variable

β

SE

p

Effect size

95% CI

Left

Intercept

0.151***

0.005

<0.0001

–

[0.140, 0.161]

 

year[T.2020]

0.082***

0.001

<0.0001

d = 0.69

[0.080, 0.084]

 

polarization

0.066***

0.006

<0.0001

β* = 0.05

[0.055, 0.077]

 

Group variance

0.005

0.001

–

–

–

Left-leaning users: n = 58,096, k = 29,048 groups, df ≈ 29,045

Right

Intercept

0.189***

0.006

<0.0001

–

[0.177, 0.201]

 

year[T.2020]

0.092***

0.001

<0.0001

d = 0.74

[0.090, 0.094]

 

polarization

0.009

0.007

0.156

β* = 0.01

[ − 0.004, 0.022]

 

Group variance

0.006

0.002

–

–

–

Right-leaning users: n = 37,262, k = 18,631 groups, df ≈ 18,628

  1. Effect size is Cohen’s d for binary contrasts and standardized β* for continuous predictors. df indicates approximate degrees of freedom, estimated as number of groups minus number of fixed effects.
  2. β unstandardized coefficient, SE standard error.
  3. ***p < 0.001, *p < 0.05.
Back to article page