Table 4 Multilevel Model Results of Passive Sensing Variables and GPT-Derived Activation Predicting Daily Negative and Positive Affect.

From: Measuring activation during behavioral activation therapy: a proof-of-concept study using smartphone sensors and LLM-derived ratings in adolescents with anhedonia

Term

N

Negative Affect

Positive Affect

Estimate (SE)

Statistic

p value

95% CI

Estimate (SE)

Statistic

p value

pa_95% CI

(Intercept)

323

−17.67 (12.49)

−1.41

0.186

[−45.27, 9.92]

16.19 (7.28)

2.22

0.051

[−0.106, 32.48]

ActScore person-centered

323

0.100 (0.057)

1.76

0.079

[−0.012, 0.212]

0.094 (0.067)

1.39

0.164

[−0.039, 0.227]

ActScore mean

323

5.26 (3.47)

1.52

0.158

[−2.40, 12.92]

−4.25 (2.02)

−2.10

0.063

[−8.77, 0.271]

(Intercept)

319

1.34 (0.234)

5.74

0.000

[0.828, 1.86]

0.882 (0.153)

5.78

<0.001

[0.545, 1.22]

homDist person-centered

319

0.000 (0.000)

0.414

0.679

[−0.000, 0.000]

0.000 (0.000)

1.21

0.227

[−0.000, 0.001]

homDist mean

319

−0.000 (0.000)

−0.613

0.552

[−0.001, 0.001]

−0.000 (0.000)

−0.032

0.975

[−0.001, 0.001]

(Intercept)

319

1.67 (0.369)

4.54

0.001

[0.860, 2.49]

0.713 (0.252)

2.84

0.017

[0.157, 1.27]

radiusMobility person-centered

319

0.000 (0.001)

0.012

0.990

[−0.001, 0.001]

0.002 (0.001)

2.27

0.024

[0.000, 0.003]

radiusMobility mean

319

−0.017 (0.014)

−1.26

0.234

[−0.047, 0.013]

0.008 (0.009)

0.893

0.391

[−0.012, 0.029]

(Intercept)

319

0.862 (2.49)

0.346

0.736

[−4.62, 6.35]

3.03 (1.47)

2.07

0.064

[−0.212, 6.27]

percentHome person-centered

319

0.000 (0.002)

0.013

0.990

[−0.004, 0.004]

−0.000 (0.002)

−0.162

0.871

[−0.005, 0.004]

percentHome mean

319

0.005 (0.032)

0.172

0.866

[−0.065, 0.076]

−0.028 (0.019)

−1.47

0.171

[−0.069, 0.014]

(Intercept)

319

−0.192 (0.743)

−0.259

0.800

[−1.83, 1.44]

0.682 (0.577)

1.18

0.261

[−0.577, 1.94]

DayPlaces person-centered

319

−0.009 (0.014)

−0.654

0.514

[−0.037, 0.019]

0.027 (0.017)

1.62

0.107

[−0.006, 0.060]

DayPlaces mean

319

0.372 (0.181)

2.05

0.064

[−0.026, 0.769]

0.051 (0.140)

0.360

0.725

[−0.256, 0.357]

(Intercept)

1906

1.55 (0.901)

1.72

0.095

[−0.281, 3.38]

0.005 (0.635)

0.008

0.994

[−1.28, 1.29]

Lag affect (pos or neg)

1906

0.268 (0.022)

12.33

<0.001

[0.226, 0.311]

0.233 (0.022)

10.69

<0.001

[0.190, 0.275]

GPT-derived BA person-centered

1906

−0.090 (0.015)

−6.01

<0.001

[−0.119, −0.061]

0.161 (0.016)

10.11

<0.001

[0.130, 0.192]

GPT-derived BA mean

1906

−0.188 (0.306)

−0.615

0.543

[−0.810, 0.433]

0.328 (0.216)

1.52

0.137

[−0.110, 0.766]

  1. ActScore – Daily phone accelerometer activity score. homDist – Maximum distance (in km) from home traveled that day. radiusMobility – Radius (in km) covering all places visited in a day. percentHome – Percentage of time spent at home each day. DayPlaces – Number of distinct locations visited each day. Variables labeled person-centered reflect day-to-day fluctuations within individuals. Variables labeled mean reflect each participant’s average across the study period.
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