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Recent progress in indoor CO2 capture for urban decarbonization

Nature Cities volume 1, pages 501–511 (2024)Cite this article

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Abstract

Developing green buildings with high indoor air quality (IAQ) and low energy consumption is essential for urban decarbonization. However, achieving this objective remains challenging because maintaining high IAQ requires frequent ventilation for the timely removal of human-exhaled carbon dioxide (CO2), inevitably resulting in substantial air-conditioning energy demand. One emerging solution is indoor CO2 capture (ICC) technology comprising a CO2 capture device and a heating, ventilation and air-conditioning system to directly capture indoor CO2 and recirculate the treated CO2-lean air to minimize the demand for ventilation. In this Review, we describe the recent progress in leveraging ICC technology to achieve CO2 removal, high IAQ and energy savings in urban buildings. We provide an overview of the fundamental working principles of representative ICC methods and summarize the strategies that can enhance the capture capacity and moisture tolerance of ICC systems for improved indoor adaptability. Furthermore, we describe the energy-saving potential of ICC and its correlation with city climates. Finally, we identify the remaining technical, political and social challenges and provide future directions to promote the widespread implementation of ICC technologies to fortify the climate resilience and sustainability of cities.

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Fig. 1: Motivations and schematics of ICC systems applied in cities.
Fig. 2: Overview of the four representative ICC methods.
Fig. 3: Strategies for improving CO2 capture capacity in building environments.
Fig. 4: Energy-saving potential of ICC in global cities.
Fig. 5: Challenges and directions of widespread ICC application.

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Acknowledgements

We acknowledge financial support from The Hong Kong Polytechnic University (project no. H-ZJMR) and the Start-up Fund (UGC) for RAPs under the Strategic Hiring Scheme of The Hong Kong Polytechnic University (grant no. 1-BDS2).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Renewable Energy Research Group (RERG), Department of Building Environment and Energy Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China

    Yongting Shen, Qiliang Wang, Lin Lu & Hongxing Yang

  2. Department of Architecture and Built Environment, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK

    Qiliang Wang

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Y.S. conceptualized this Review, reviewed the literature, created the figures, and wrote and revised the paper. Q.W. acquired funding and revised the paper. L.L. revised the paper. H.Y. acquired funding, provided supervision and revised the paper.

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Correspondence to Yongting Shen, Qiliang Wang or Hongxing Yang.

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Shen, Y., Wang, Q., Lu, L. et al. Recent progress in indoor CO2 capture for urban decarbonization. Nat Cities 1, 501–511 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s44284-024-00094-w

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