Our research explores how urban slum dwelling affects clinical markers in patients in their first episode of psychosis in São Paulo, Brazil. Results show slum living correlates with a higher psychosis severity (particularly disorganization and negative symptoms), which highlights the influence of social exclusion on psychosis presentation.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Access options
Subscribe to this journal
Receive 12 digital issues and online access to articles
$119.00 per year
only $9.92 per issue
Buy this article
- Purchase on SpringerLink
- Instant access to the full article PDF.
USD 39.95
Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout

References
Jester, D. J. et al. Review of major social determinants of health in schizophrenia-spectrum psychotic disorders: I. Clinical outcomes. Schizophr. Bull. 49, 837–850 (2023). A review that examines how social factors can worsen outcomes for people with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders.
Fett, A.-K. J., Lemmers-Jansen, I. L. J. & Krabbendam, L. Psychosis and urbanicity: a review of the recent literature from epidemiology to neurourbanism. Curr. Opin. Psychiatry 32, 232–241 (2019). A review that covers suggested links between city living and psychosis, which are influenced by social stressors, access to nature and varying factors across countries and income levels.
Abrahamyan Empson, L. et al. Urbanicity: the need for new avenues to explore the link between urban living and psychosis. Early Interv. Psychiatry 14, 398–409 (2020). A paper that calls for new research to untangle the connection between urban environments and psychosis, by considering various urban factors.
Mahabir, R., Crooks, A., Croitoru, A. & Agouris, P. The study of slums as social and physical constructs: challenges and emerging research opportunities. Reg. Stud. Reg. Sci. 3, 399–419 (2016). A paper that examines slums as a complex social entity, delves into their multifaceted nature, and highlights their socioeconomic dynamics and physical characteristics.
Additional information
Publisher’s note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
This is a summary of: Malinowski, F. et al. Slum living predicts psychosis severity in first-episode patients. Nat. Cities https://doi.org/10.1038/s44284-024-00109-6 (2024).
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Urban slum living worsens psychosis presentation. Nat Cities 1, 545–546 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s44284-024-00110-z
Published:
Version of record:
Issue date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s44284-024-00110-z