Extended Data Fig. 6: Directional alignment between the dominant axis of peri-urban vegetation change and the prevailing wind direction.

a, Example of a ΔLAI ∥ WIND city, where the dominant climatological wind direction (S_city) aligns with the direction of the strongest LAI change in peri-urban areas (S^*). b, Example of a ΔLAI ∠ WIND city, where S_city does not align with S^*. The city and paired peri-urban area are divided into four quadrants (North, South, East, and West), and alignment is determined by comparing S_city with S^*.