Fig. 3: Ordinal logistic regression modeling results.
From: Impacts of nature-inclusive urban development on well-being and fairness perceptions
Data are presented as odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals (error bars). All P-values are two sided, and no adjustments were made for multiple comparisons. Full model results for all predictors are provided in Supplementary Tables 3–5. a, Association between perceived changes in well-being elements and happiness among original residents (N = 289). Significant predictors include jobs and income (β = 0.20, z = 2.45, P = 0.014), social activities in nature (β = 0.26, z = 2.82, P = 0.005), beauty of nature (β = 0.42, z = 5.61, P < 0.001) and former agriculturalist status (β = −1.87, z = −3.74, P < 0.001). Educational facilities showed marginal significance (β = −0.22, z = −1.89, P = 0.058). b, Perceived fairness among original residents and newcomers. For economic fairness (N = 789), original residents perceived significantly greater fairness (β = 0.66, z = 4.37, P < 0.001), with income marginally significant (β = 0.14, z = 1.91, P = 0.056). For ecological fairness (N = 959), original residents perceived significantly lower fairness (β = −0.62, z = −4.43, P < 0.001), while older residents (β = 0.39, z = 5.55, P < 0.001) and more educated residents (β = 0.14, z = 2.47, P = 0.013) perceived greater fairness. Statistical tests were performed using ordinal logistic regression (clm function in R). Significance levels are denoted as: *** p < 0.001, ** p < 0.01, * p < 0.05,. p < 0.1, ns p > 0.05.
