Table 1 Univariable results detailing demographic characteristics, the distribution of variables within each of the domains, and the extent to which each variable is associated with stillbirth

From: Finger-prick transcriptomic profiling in northern Nigeria reveals a muted maternal systemic response in stillbirth

Domain

Variable

Category

Live birth (% in category)

Stillbirth (% in category)

P value

 

n

 

19

19

 

Maternal n = 38

Age band (years)*

<20

1 (5.3)

2 (10.5)

0.327

  

>40

1 (5.3)

1 (5.3)

 
  

20–24

9 (47.4)

3 (15.8)

 
  

25–30

4 (21.1)

9 (47.4)

 
  

31–35

2 (10.5)

1 (5.3)

 
  

36–40

2 (10.5)

3 (15.8)

 

Household n = 38

Type of residence*

Apartment

1 (5.3)

2 (10.5)

0.318

  

House

7 (36.8)

3 (15.8)

 
  

Shack

11 (57.9)

14 (73.7)

 
 

Education level*

College and above

1 (5.3)

1 (5.3)

0.972

  

None

9 (47.4)

9 (47.4)

 
  

Primary

3 (15.8)

4 (21.1)

 
  

Secondary

6 (31.6)

5 (26.3)

 
 

Employment status*

Employed

6 (31.6)

5 (26.3)

1

  

Unemployed

13 (68.4)

14 (73.7)

 
 

Access to water

Communal taps (stream or community well)

6 (31.6)

5 (26.3)

0.218

  

Municipal network (tap water)

4 (21.1)

2 (10.5)

 
  

Private borehole

1 (5.3)

0 (0.0)

 
  

Private well

2 (10.5)

8 (42.1)

 
  

Water vendor (meruwa)

6 (31.6)

4 (21.1)

 
 

First pregnancy*

Yes

2 (10.5%)

2 (10.5%)

0.384

  

No

17 (89.5%)

17 (89.5%)

 
 

Previous stillbirth

No

19 (100.0)

13 (68.4)

0.026

  

Yes

0 (0.0)

6 (31.6)

 
 

Health conditions

No

17 (89.5)

14 (73.7)

0.403

  

Yes

2 (10.5)

5 (26.3)

 
 

Signs of maternal infection (%)

No

18 (94.7)

13 (68.4)

0.094

  

Yes

1 (5.3)

6 (31.6)

 

Neonatal/birth n = 38

Antenatal care

No

0 (0.0)

1 (5.3)

1

  

Yes

19 (100.0)

18 (94.7)

 
 

Birthing complications

No

11 (57.9)

12 (63.2)

1

  

Yes

8 (42.1)

7 (36.8)

 
 

Delivery

Emergency caesarean section

5 (26.3)

4 (21.1)

0.534

  

Instrumental (forceps/ventouse)

1 (5.3)

0 (0.0)

 
  

Spontaneous vaginal delivery

13 (68.4)

15 (78.9)

 
 

Gender

Female

6 (31.6)

7 (36.8)

0.537

  

Male

13 (68.4)

11 (57.9)

 
  

Unable to determine

0 (0.0)

1 (5.3)

 
 

Gestational age

26

0 (0.0)

1 (5.3)

0.092

  

27

0 (0.0)

1 (5.3)

 
  

33

0 (0.0)

1 (5.3)

 
  

34

0 (0.0)

4 (21.1)

 
  

35

0 (0.0)

1 (5.3)

 
  

38

6 (31.6)

6 (31.6)

 
  

39

3 (15.8)

0 (0.0)

 
  

40

5 (26.3)

2 (10.5)

 
  

41

2 (10.5)

2 (10.5)

 
  

42

3 (15.8)

0 (0.0)

 
  

44

0 (0.0)

1 (5.3)

 
 

Signs of infant infection

No

18 (94.7)

10 (52.6)

0.01

  

Yes

1 (5.3)

9 (47.4)

 
 

Signs of trauma

No

18 (94.7)

13 (68.4)

0.094

  

Yes

1 (5.3)

6 (31.6)

 
 

Predicted probability (mean (SD))

 

0.23 (0.16)

0.26 (0.17)

0.588

  1. Variables used in the propensity score matching are flagged with an asterisk (*) to denote that samples were matched on these, so we would not expect differences between groups.
Back to article page