Fig. 9: Influence of single GGBFS incorporation on UHPC properties. | npj Materials Sustainability

Fig. 9: Influence of single GGBFS incorporation on UHPC properties.

From: Recent advances in low-carbon ultra-high-performance concrete: materials, mechanisms, and sustainability perspectives

Fig. 9

a Hydration evolution profiles comparing UHPC mixtures with high (ULC1) and low (LC) volumes of GGBFS, illustrating lower initial hydration. Reproduced with permission129. Copyright 2019, Elsevier B.V. b XRD patterns showing dilution effect on 1-day cement hydration with increasing GGBFS replacement levels (Note: E: Ettringite, A: Alite, CC: Calcite, CH: Portlandite). Reproduced with permission149. Copyright 2021, Elsevier B.V. c ITZ characteristics between steel fibres and matrix at varying GGBFS contents, with corresponding failure patterns, adopted from ref. 152. d Influence of curing regime on the compressive strength development of GGBFS-blended UHPC. Reproduced with permission43. Copyright 2017, Elsevier B.V.

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