Fig. 2: Transparent piezoelectric ultrasonic detectors for PAM.

a Structure of the cylindrically-focused transparent ultrasound transducer (CFT-UT) (shown on the left) and the system schematic of CFT-UT PAM (shown on the right). LNO, lithium niobate; GS, galvo scanner; Gel, ultrasound gel; WT, water tank. The inset photo shows the fabricated CFT-UT (adapted with permission from ref. 38). b A cross-sectional structure of the UV-TUT (shown on the left) and photograph of the UV-TUT, demonstrating its UV transparency (shown on the right). Red dashed box outlines a photograph of the UV-TUT. TUT, transparent ultrasound transducer; AgNWs, silver nanowires; LH, lens housing; OH, outer housing; IE, insulating epoxy; and OL, objective lens (adapted with permission from ref. 45).