Fig. 1: The cumulative deformation and statistical histogram of the surface in the study area from 2017 to 2023.

a Cumulative deformation in 2017; b Histogram of cumulative deformation in the deformation region in 2017; c Cumulative deformation in 2018; d Histogram of cumulative deformation in the deformation region in 2018; e Cumulative deformation in 2019; f Histogram of cumulative deformation in the deformation region in 2019; g Cumulative deformation in 2020; h Histogram of cumulative deformation in the deformation region in 2020; i Cumulative deformation in 2021; j Histogram of cumulative deformation in the deformation region in 2021; k Cumulative deformation in 2022; l Histogram of cumulative deformation in the deformation region in 2022; m Cumulative deformation in 2023; n Histogram of cumulative deformation in the deformation region in 2023.