Fig. 1: Principles of circularly polarized LED (CP-LED) and spin-LEDs.

a Schematic of a CP-LED device. b Dissymmetry in intensity of R- L-CPL emitted during the transition between quantum state i and j. gCPL is determined by TEDM(μ') and TMDM (m') within the chiral emissive material. c Schematic of a Spin-LED device. Mechanism CPL generation under d HH-LH degeneracy and e HH-LH non-degeneracy in Spin-LEDs. The transition probability (oscillator strength) from conduction bands to HH bands are 3 times of that to LH bands. [b is adapted from ref. ²⁴. with permission].