Fig. 20: Physics-informed models in metasurface design.

a Surrogate model-based optimization⁴²⁶. b Broadband thermal imaging using metaoptics with DNN-based surrogate model³⁵⁵. c Global optimization of dielectric metasurfaces using a physics driven neural network⁴²⁷. d Physics-informed Neural Networks for diffraction and polarization effects⁴²³. e Physics-informed deep learning for 3D modeling of light diffraction from optical metasurfaces⁴²². f Huygens-Fresnel physics-inspired photonic inverse design⁴¹⁹.