Fig. 6: Synthesis of the nGQD-based SPR chip to assay SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein. | npj Biosensing

Fig. 6: Synthesis of the nGQD-based SPR chip to assay SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein.

From: Enhanced detection of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein using nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dot-based SPR biosensors

Fig. 6

a Synthetic nanocomposites were generated by reacting citric acid (CA) with urea (UR) to form nitrogen-doped graphene oxide quantum dots (nGQDs); b Modification of Au surface and immobilization of nGQD nanocomposites. c The immobilization of primary probe Anti-S1 (or ACE2) protein and immobilization BSA protein to block excess functional groups. d The structure of SARS-COV-2 virus and its mutated amino acid sites. e Detection and interaction analyses of S1 protein on the nGQD-based SPR chip. f Evaluation of the performance of the nGQD-based SPR chip using kinetic analysis of the affinity and binding efficiency of S1-RBD protein in a dual-channel system.

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