Fig. 5: Economic cost and carbon emissions reduction of different regions and countries.

The figure illustrates the percentage reductions in both economic costs and carbon emissions across four regions: the United States, the European Union, China, and Australia. The blue bar indicates economic cost, and the green bar indicates carbon emission. These data highlight the economic and environmental benefits of combining solar PV and BES at the bus charging hub in each country and demonstrate the regional differences in the economic and environmental benefits of sustainable energy practices.