Fig. 2: The simplified causal loop diagram (CLD).
From: System-level impact of electrification on road freight transport efficiency
The positive signs on the arrows indicate influence in the same direction; the negative signs on the arrows indicate influence in the opposite direction. The loops are indicated in the legend on the right, and each loop is identified as either a reinforcing (R) or a balancing (B). Supplementary Information 4 provides details on the loops and dynamics of various variables.
