Fig. 5: Causal contribution to delivery delays.
From: A causal discovery and inference framework for on-demand food delivery delays
The figure reports ATE estimates for variables that have direct causal links to delivery delay in the discovered graph. Each effect quantifies the expected change in delivery delay under an intervention that shifts the focal variable from a control level to a treatment level while holding other factors appropriately controlled, and 95% confidence intervals are shown to reflect estimation uncertainty.
