Fig. 2: Projection of Total Chinese Transportation Service Demand for Four-wheeled Light-duty Vehicles in Passenger Transportation Sector (TSD-LDV4W) under five Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) scenarios: 2015–2060 using Global Change Analysis Model (GCAM).

a–e Respectively show the changes in the total Chinese TSD-LDV4W under different SSP scenarios. Different colors are used to distinguish between various automotive powertrain technologies: NG stands for Natural Gas, FCEV for Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles, and BEV for Battery Electric Vehicles. Y-axis: TSD-LDV4W in million passenger-kilometers; X-axis: Year from 2015 to 2060.