Fig. 6: Additive manufacturing of functional composites with unique thermal or electrical properties.

a A sandwich strain sensor mounted on human wrist and the resistance change during cyclic wrist bending and releasing. (Image reproduced with permission from ref. ⁵⁸, Copyright Elsevier). b A 3D printed lattice truss structure using continuous carbon fiber as a sensing element to achieve self-monitoring (Image reproduced with permission from ref. ⁶⁰, Copyright Elsevier). c A carbon fiber-embedded 3D printed artificial hand with self-monitoring capabilities (Image reproduced with permission from ref. ⁶³, Copyright Elsevier). d Photograph of the carbon fiber composite shells fabricated by the 3D printing process with outstanding shielding effectiveness (Image reproduced with permission from ref. ⁶⁴, Copyright Springer Nature). e Schematics of 3D continuous carbon fiber structural battery structure and a printed functional, full cylindrical structural battery with same structure (Image reproduced with permission from ref. ⁶⁶, Copyright Elsevier).