Fig. 1: HRC flexible manufacturing system.

The manufacturing system comprises a worker operator responsible for loading and unloading materials, with items stored in a line-side warehouse. A flexible handling robot transports workpieces, materials, and tools to flexible processing equipment for machining. After processing, the completed workpieces and resources are returned to the line-side warehouse. The system includes three flexible computer numerical control machines, each dedicated to machining standard deburring tools for automotive welding lines. These machines process a total of 12 types of components made from materials such as cast iron, aluminum alloy, and copper. The manufacturing processes encompass rough and finish machining, cleaning, inspection, and marking.