Fig. 6: Optoelectronic devices for in-sensor RNN.
From: Bio-inspired optoelectronic devices and systems for energy-efficient in-sensor computing

a Response characteristics of volatile MoS₂ phototransistors with nonlinear temporal summation characteristics when stimulated by light. b Processing four light stimulation pulses by MoS₂ phototransistors with time constants varying from 10 ms (Vg = + 3 V) to 106 ms (Vg = −3 V). c Encoding spatiotemporal information with MoS₂ phototransistor at different time scales, tracking motion at speeds ranging from 0.005 to 50 km h−1. d Mapping spatiotemporal information with MoS₂ phototransistor arrays, converting the temporal vision sequence s(t) into compressive states x(t). Reproduced with permission105. Copyright 2023, Springer Nature. Schematic (e) and photograph (f) of the fully-hardware photoelectronic RC system, integrating a photoelectronic reservoir layer for feature outputs, a memristor array for training, and an FPGA controller. Reproduced with permission103. Copyright 2022, Springer Nature.