Table 1 Baseline characteristics for the overall patient cohort and subgroups based on ethnicity
| Â | Overall | Not Hispanic or Not Latino | Hispanic and Latino | P-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
(n = 493) | (n = 326) | (n = 167) | ||
Demographics | ||||
Age, mean (SD) | 56.1 (13.2) | 57.1 (12.3) | 54.3 (14.6) | 0.034 |
Female, n (%) | 303 (61.5) | 177 (54.3) | 126 (75.4) | 0.001 |
Race/Ethnicity, n (%) | ||||
 White | 187 (37.9) | 187 (57.4) | 0 | <0.001 |
 Asian | 65 (13.2) | 65 (19.9) | 0 | |
 Black or African American | 8 (1.6) | 8 (2.5) | 0 | |
 Hispanic and Latino | 167 (33.9) | 0 | 167 (100.0) | |
 Other | 66 (13.4) | 66 (20.2) | 0 | |
Driving Distance (km), median [Q1,Q3] | 130.9 [30.8,251.7] | 96.4 [24.6,238.8] | 142.0 [48.4,271.3] | 0.027 |
ADI (Mean State), median [Q1,Q3] | 5.8 [2.4,8.8] | 4.9 [2.3,8.4] | 7.7 [4.5,9.2] | <0.001 |
Charlson Comorbidity Index, median [Q1,Q3] | 5.0 [4.0,6.0] | 5.0 [4.0,6.0] | 5.0 [4.0,5.0] | 0.662 |
Insurance Type, n (%) | ||||
 Commercial | 207 (42.0) | 160 (49.1) | 47 (28.1) | <0.001 |
 Medicaid | 117 (23.7) | 52 (16.0) | 65 (38.9) | |
 Medicare | 164 (33.3) | 111 (34.0) | 53 (31.7) | |
 Self-Pay or other | 5 (1.0) | 3 (0.9) | 2 (1.2) | |
Clinical characteristics | ||||
BMI Group, n (%) | ||||
 18.5-25 | 37 (7.5) | 25 (7.7) | 12 (7.2) | 0.892 |
 30> | 367 (74.4) | 243 (74.5) | 124 (74.3) | |
 25-30 | 88 (17.8) | 57 (17.5) | 31 (18.6) | |
 18.5< | 1 (0.2) | 1 (0.3) | 0 | |
Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||
 Hypertension | 320 (64.9) | 210 (64.4) | 110 (65.9) | 0.826 |
 Hyperlipidemia | 257 (52.1) | 173 (53.1) | 84 (50.3) | 0.626 |
 Diabetes | 226 (45.8) | 140 (42.9) | 86 (51.5) | 0.088 |
 Prediabetes | 113 (22.9) | 78 (23.9) | 35 (21.0) | 0.529 |
 Sleep Apnea | 87 (17.6) | 63 (19.3) | 24 (14.4) | 0.215 |
 Autoimmune Disease | 55 (11.2) | 39 (12.0) | 16 (9.6) | 0.520 |
 CAD or Peripheral Vascular Disease | 54 (11.0) | 41 (12.6) | 13 (7.8) | 0.144 |
 Cancer | 52 (10.5) | 34 (10.4) | 18 (10.8) | 0.999 |
 History of Cardiovascular Event | 38 (7.7) | 28 (8.6) | 10 (6.0) | 0.397 |
 Chronic Kidney Disease | 25 (5.1) | 15 (4.6) | 10 (6.0) | 0.655 |
 Heart Failure | 19 (3.9) | 13 (4.0) | 6 (3.6) | 0.999 |
 Bariatric Surgery | 16 (3.2) | 6 (1.8) | 10 (6.0) | 0.028 |
Medications | (n = 493) | (n = 326 | (n = 167) |  |
 Oral Diabetes Medicationsa, n (%) | 151 (30.6) | 102 (31.3) | 49 (29.3) | 0.733 |
 Insulin, n (%) | 85 (17.2) | 47 (14.4) | 38 (22.8) | 0.028 |
 GLP-1 Agonizts, n (%) | 36 (7.3) | 26 (8.0) | 10 (6.0) | 0.535 |
 Antihypertensives, n (%) | 201 (40.8) | 145 (44.5) | 56 (33.5) | 0.025 |
 Diuretics, n (%) | 64 (13.0) | 47 (14.4) | 17 (10.2) | 0.237 |
 Aspirin, n (%) | 70 (14.2) | 51 (15.6) | 19 (11.4) | 0.251 |
 Fibrates, n (%) | 22 (4.5) | 18 (5.5) | 4 (2.4) | 0.174 |
 Statins, n (%) | 143 (29.0) | 102 (31.3) | 41 (24.6) | 0.146 |
 Vitamin E, n (%) | 72 (14.6) | 56 (17.2) | 16 (9.6) | 0.034 |
Labs | ||||
MELD Score, median [Q1,Q3] | 8.0 [6.4,9.9] | 7.9 [6.3,9.5] | 8.5 [6.9,10.3] | 0.006 |
Albumin, mean (SD) | 3.9 (0.4) | 4.0 (0.4) | 3.9 (0.5) | 0.018 |
Alkaline Phosphatase, median [Q1,Q3] | 100.9 [76.0,100.9] | 100.9 [72.0,100.9] | 100.9 [89.5,120.5] | <0.001 |
ALT (Alanine Aminotransferase), median [Q1,Q3] | 55.5 [35.0,55.5] | 55.5 [39.0,55.5] | 55.5 [30.5,55.5] | 0.131 |
AST (Aspartate Aminotransferase), median [Q1,Q3] | 47.4 [33.0,47.4] | 47.4 [33.0,47.4] | 47.4 [34.0,47.4] | 0.541 |
Bilirubin, median [Q1,Q3] | 0.9 [0.6,1.2] | 0.9 [0.6,1.2] | 0.9 [0.6,1.2] | 0.344 |
Creatinine, median [Q1,Q3] | 0.8 [0.7,1.0] | 0.8 [0.7,1.0] | 0.7 [0.6,0.9] | 0.005 |
eGFR (Estimated GFR), mean (SD) | 93.7 (17.9) | 93.0 (17.2) | 95.0 (19.1) | 0.257 |
HbA1c (Hemoglobin A1c), mean (SD) | 6.4 (1.4) | 6.3 (1.4) | 6.5 (1.3) | 0.201 |
LDL Cholesterol, mean (SD) | 102.5 (23.2) | 101.9 (23.6) | 103.6 (22.3) | 0.441 |
Sodium, mean (SD) | 138.4 (2.2) | 138.3 (2.3) | 138.5 (2.1) | 0.317 |
Platelet Count, median [Q1,Q3] | 172.5 [148.0,194.8] | 173.8 [151.0,194.2] | 169.8 [133.5,194.9] | 0.070 |
Prothrombin Time, mean (SD) | 1.1 (0.2) | 1.1 (0.2) | 1.1 (0.2) | 0.299 |
Triglycerides, mean (SD) | 176.8 (53.9) | 176.7 (53.5) | 177.1 (54.8) | 0.946 |
FIB-4 Index, median [Q1,Q3] | 2.1 [1.5,2.8] | 2.1 [1.5,2.7] | 2.2 [1.4,3.2] | 0.544 |
