Perovskite photovoltaics entered a transformative phase in 2025, characterized by the widespread transition from n–i–p to p–i–n architectures, rapid progress in tandem device integration and improvements in long-term operational stability. These advances collectively highlight the maturation of perovskite solar cells towards commercial viability and industrial scalability.
Key advances
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Perovskite single junction solar cell efficiencies reached 27% in laboratory conditions, with perovskite–silicon tandem devices achieving efficiencies over 34.5%7.
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P–i–n became the dominant architecture for single-junction devices, favoured for their improved stability and high photoconversion efficiencies8.
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Commercialization of perovskite devices began this year with the sale of tandem modules and announcements of gigawatt-scale production facilities.
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grants funded by the Korean government (MSIT) under contract NRF-2021R1A3B1076723 (Research Leader Program), RS-2025-02316700 (Carbon-free Energy Core Technology Program), and RS-2023-00259096 (GRDC Cooperative Hub), and JSPS KAKENHI grant number 24H00488. This work was also supported by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC), UK, under grant EP/X038777/1.
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H.J.S. is the co-founder and CSO of Oxford PV Ltd, a company that is commercializing perovskite photovoltaic technologies. N.-G.P. and T.M. declare no competing interests.
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Park, NG., Snaith, H.J. & Miyasaka, T. Key advances in perovskite solar cells in 2025. Nat. Rev. Clean Technol. 2, 6–7 (2026). https://doi.org/10.1038/s44359-025-00128-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s44359-025-00128-z
