Fig. 1: Life cycle analysis boundaries.
From: Finding sustainable, resilient, and scalable solutions for future indoor agriculture

This includes five key components as shown. a Crop production. b Post-processing and food packaging. c Transportation. d Food distribution. e End-use for consumers. Distributing food through retail community outlets is the most common practice. In the meantime, subscription services through e-delivery can be a better approach to reduce food waste in distribution.