Fig. 3: Pseudotime analysis reveals early activation of hypoxia-associated transcriptional signatures along the differentiation trajectory.

a, b Pseudotime trajectories of shoot (a) and root (b) apices visualized in UMAP space. Cells with low pseudotime values (purple) correspond to stem cell populations, while higher values (yellow) indicate progressive differentiation. Black lines represent the principal graph inferred by Monocle3, outlining the main developmental trajectories. c, d Expression patterns of SCMs, HRGs, and markers of differentiated tissues along the pseudotime axis. Gene modules for (e) shoot and (g) root apices plotted along pseudotime bins. f Comparative dot plot showing the GO enrichment of hypoxia-related processes found in early modules of the pseudotime trajectories of shoot and root apices. Dot size indicates the number of genes associated with each GO term.