Fig. 9: Steering comparison between random-patterned flexible array and semi-spherical array in the y-z plane.

a Schematic of the random-patterned flexible (left) and semi-spherical (right) array. The local cartesian coordinate system "x-y-z” is defined at the focus, with z′ pointing away from the array center (beam axis). Steering is performed within a 60 mm by 20 mm area centered at (0, 0) in the y-z plane representing the unsteered focal point. b–g Quantitative steering focusing performance between flexible and semi-spherical arrays, including (b, c) z’-axial FWHM, (d, e) focal area FWHM, and (f, g) peak pressure at focus. Values are respectively normalized relative to (0, 0) position of the flexible array (marked by the stars). Created with BioRender.com.