Fig. 7: Visualization comparison of flowrate estimation at different time intervals (TI represents time interval, same as the following contents).

a Flowrate simulation of MOC and PDEC-FIND with different time intervals for case 1. b Flowrate simulation of MOC and PDEC-FIND with different time intervals for case 2. c Flowrate simulation of MOC and PDEC-FIND with different time intervals for case 3. d Flowrate simulation of MOC and PDEC-FIND with different time intervals for case 4.