Fig. 1: Human motion intent prediction (HMIP).

a Implanted muscle sensors and HMIP algorithms improve prosthetic control to create high-performance bionic limbs, reprinted/adapted with permission from ref. ³¹. b Multimodal sensors enable more accurate intent prediction, enhancing interactive control of lower-limb exoskeletons, reprinted/adapted with permission from ref. ³⁵. c Robots assist humans in close-range operations through HMIP systems, reprinted/adapted with permission from ref. ³⁹. d Predicting human motion intent via joint angles to alert incorrect postures, reprinted/adapted with permission from ref. ⁴⁶. e Assistive robots rapidly respond to tasks by anticipating human actions, reprinted/adapted with permission from ref. ⁴⁰. f Wearable ECL-TVS for finger rehabilitation monitoring, reprinted/adapted with permission from ref. ⁴⁹. g Integrating HMIP technology with tactile sensors to achieve rapid sensing for immersive interaction, reprinted/adapted with permission from ref. ⁵¹. h Tactile-sensor-based HMIP interaction enhancing immersive virtual reality (VR) experiences, reprinted/adapted with permission from ref. ⁵¹. i HMIP-based prediction of driver behavior for interactive planning with vehicle systems, reprinted/adapted with permission from ref. ⁵⁴.