Table 1 Characteristics of included studies with MMAT quality assessment results
From: A systematic review of early evidence on generative AI for drafting responses to patient messages
Study, year (article type other than full paper) | Study design | MMAT category of study designs | MMAT methodological quality criteria | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |||
Athavale et al.54, 2023 | Cross-sectional evaluation study | Quantitative descriptive | Y | N | Y | Y | Y |
Nov et al.43, 2023 | Cross-sectional survey study | Quantitative descriptive | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
Afshar et al.38, 2024 (Brief communications) | Pre-post quasi-experimental study | Quantitative non-randomized | CT | Y | Y | Y | Y |
Baxter et al.44, 2024 (Perspective) | Retrospective qualitative evaluation study | Qualitative | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
Chen et al.55, 2024 (Comment) | Two-stage observational study | Quantitative non-randomized | N | Y | Y | N | Y |
English et al.39, 2024 (Research letter) | Prospective quality improvement study | Quantitative descriptive | Y | CT | Y | N | Y |
Garcia et al.31, 2024 | Prospective quality improvement study | Mixed methods | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
Kim et al.45, 2024 (Research letter) | Cross-sectional survey study | Quantitative non-randomized | N | Y | Y | Y | Y |
Liu et al.46, 2024 | Model development and evaluation | Quantitative non-randomized | N | Y | Y | N | Y |
Reynolds et al.47, 2024 | Cross-sectional evaluation study | Quantitative non-randomized | N | Y | Y | N | Y |
Robinson et al.48, 2024 | Cross-sectional survey study | Quantitative non-randomized | N | Y | Y | N | Y |
Scott et al.49, 2024 | Cross-sectional evaluation study | Quantitative non-randomized | N | Y | Y | Y | Y |
Small et al.40, 2024 | Cross-sectional quality improvement study | Quantitative non-randomized | N | Y | Y | N | Y |
Soroudi et al.50, 2024 | Cross-sectional survey study | Quantitative non-randomized | N | Y | Y | Y | Y |
Tai-Seale et al.32, 2024 | Modified waiting list randomized quality improvement study | Quantitative randomized controlled trials | Y | Y | Y | N | Y |
Tailor et al.56, 2024a | Cross-sectional evaluation study | Quantitative descriptive | Y | N | Y | Y | Y |
Tailor et al.57, 2024b | Cross-sectional evaluation study | Quantitative non-randomized | CT | Y | Y | N | Y |
Yan et al.41, 2024 | Prospective quality improvement study | Quantitative non-randomized | N | Y | Y | N | Y |
Cavalier et al.58, 2025 | Survey-based factorial experiment study | Quantitative non-randomized | N | Y | Y | Y | Y |
Hao et al.51, 2025 | Retrospective observational study | Quantitative descriptive | Y | CT | Y | Y | Y |
Hong et al.42, 2025 | Framework development and evaluation | Quantitative non-randomized | N | Y | Y | N | Y |
Kaur et al.52, 2025 | Cross-sectional survey study | Quantitative non-randomized | CT | Y | Y | Y | Y |
Tse et al.53, 2025 (Research letter) | Cross-sectional evaluation study | Quantitative descriptive | Y | N | Y | Y | Y |
