Fig. 1: Corneal topography, retinal ray-tracing and microperimetry.

A iTrace analyser maps of differences in corneal anterior elevation: pre-MLR vs 5 days after Excimer-MLR (left) in eye 6OD showing remaining four paracentral depressions in ablated regions centred at 1:30, 4:30, 7:30 and 10:30 clock hours; pre-MLR vs 6 months after MLR (right) demonstrating progressive reversion to preoperative corneal topographic elevation; B iTrace analyser maps of differences of local anterior corneal radii of curvature (ROC): pre-MLR vs 5 days after MLR (left) in eye 6OD showing ROC changes in all four corneal quadrants; pre-MLR vs 1month after MLR (right) demonstrating progressive reversion to preoperative corneal topographic ROC; C retinal ray-tracings centred on the PRL using the iTrace analyser before MLR (left) in eye 6OD, at 5 days after MLR (middle) demonstrating that environmental light within the field of view was directed away from the PRL by MLR and at 1 year after MLR (right) showing return to pre-MLR defocus and other optical aberration levels with ongoing visual improvement. Total lower order aberrations and defocus were 0.544 µ and 0.376 µ, 0.787 µ and 0.675 µ, and 0.541 µ and 0.407 µ preoperatively, at 5 days postoperatively and at 1 year postoperatively, respectively; D MAIA microperimetry before and after Excimer-MLR of eyes 6OD (left top and bottom) with a macular hole surgically two years prior to MLR, 4OS (middle top and bottom) left) with a macular hole surgically repaired five years prior to MLR with residual atrophy and myopic macular degeneration and eye 7OS (right top and bottom) with non-exudative AMD and geographic atrophy demonstrating shifting by the visual system (without any patient visual training) of the locations of fixation points (blue smallest dots) inferotemporally in eye 6OD, superiorly, superotemporally and superonasally in eye 4OS and superiorly, superotemporally and inferiorly in eye 7OS and the locations of the PRL (blue larger dot, which is the centroid of fixation points);