Fig. 3: Block diagram of signal processing chain.
From: Signal parameter estimation and demodulation of the OneWeb Ku-band downlink

The signal y(n) is processed into hard-decision estimated values where \({\widehat{a}}_{m}\in {{\mathbb{N}}}_{4}\triangleq \{0,1,2,3\}\) is the estimated value of the mth symbol’s QPSK phase shift.