Fig. 3: Hardware architectures of typical array-level MAs and RAs.
From: Movable and reconfigurable antennas for 6G: unlocking electromagnetic-domain design and optimization

a MA array; b IRS; c DMA; d RHS; e Pixel array.
From: Movable and reconfigurable antennas for 6G: unlocking electromagnetic-domain design and optimization

a MA array; b IRS; c DMA; d RHS; e Pixel array.