Extended Data Fig. 1: Piezoelectric sensor response under controlled pressure as measured by a MARK 10 pressure gauge.

a. Combined transient response of single pads across a pressure range (1.4-59.7 kPa). b. Transient response at 1.4 kPa. c. High-resolution transient waveform from 2 to 4 s. d Sensor sensitivity (voltage vs. pressure). e. Response time calculation. f. Sensor response test after bending (10.4% strain and 22.2% strain). g. Photograph of the bending test system set-up and when strain = 0% (Original Size:9.6 cm) and h. when strain = 10.4% and bending cycle = 1030 (Vertical change in size: 1 cm, Radius: 5.9 cm) and i. when strain = 10.4% and bending cycle = 1010. (Vertical change in size: 2 cm, radius: 4.2 cm).