Table 1 Characteristics of studies
Authors (References) | Study design | Location | Sample size | Mean age | Outcome | EMA platform | Study duration | Sampling strategy | Number of prompts | Completion rate |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Livingston et al.29 | Observational | USA | 50 | 21.8 | Anxiety and Depression | Samsung Galaxy EMA device | 14 days | Signal-contingent | 6 per day | 68.02% |
Sizemore et al.37 | Mixed method- Interventional (Pilot JITAI) | USA | 22 | 37.8 | Stress, Usability, Feasibility, Acceptability | LifeExp app | 90 days | Signal-contingent | 1 per day | 66.19% |
Williams et al.38 | Mixed-method experimental study | UK | 16 | 19.2 | Self-harmful thoughts and behaviors, Feasibility, Acceptability | mEMA app | 7 days | Signal-contingent | 6 per day | 67.6% |
Trang et al.39 | Qualitative | Vietnam | 46 | 23.5 | Stress Usability, Acceptability, Compliance | KoBo toolbox | 7 days | Mixed (interval + signal-contingent) | 6–8 per day | 61.8% |
Mereish et al.30 | Observational | USA | 92 | 16.5 | Suicidal ideation, non-suicidal self-injury, and minority stress | Digital Survey tool | 28 days | Interval-contingent | 1 per day | 76% |
Lei et al.31 | Observational | China | 103 | 24.2 | Mood fluctuations, contextual stressful events, and suicidal ideation | Digital Survey tool | 25 days | Interval-contingent | 2 per day | 94.5% |
Hoelscher et al.33 | Observational | USA | 49 | 28.1 | Suicidal Ideation | Qualtrics Survey | 21 days | Signal-contingent | 6 per day | Not reported |
Clark et al.34 | Observational | USA | 31 | 21 | Suicidal Ideation Intensity | MetricWire app | 28 days | Signal-contingent | 3 per day | 84% |
Bitran et al.32 | Observational | USA | 141 | 16.3 | Depression Severity | Effortless Assessment Research Systems (EARS) app | 6 months | Interval-contingent | 1 per day | 56% |
Wray et al.35 | Observational | USA | 100 | 27.1 | Stress | MetricWire app | 30 days | Mixed (interval-, signal-, and event-contingent) | Up to 6 random/day + 1 diary + event-based | 97.3% |
Heron et al.36 | Observational | USA | 321 | 27.6 | Stress, overeating, and emotional eating | Qualtrics | 14 days | Interval-contingent | 1 per day | 89.5% |
