Articles in 2021

Carbohydrate adjuvants potentiate immune responses through diverse mechanisms. This Review highlights carbohydrate-based adjuvants, providing insights into structure–activity relationships and applications in vaccine development, while discussing current knowledge of the mechanisms by which they potentiate and modulate the immune response.

If chemistry is to contribute effectively to the development of a more sustainable world, it is essential that it is taught within a broader socioeconomic and ecological context.

A re-evaluation of the design principles of organocatalysts for atom transfer radical polymerization has led to the development of heteroatom-doped polycyclic arenes as highly active photocatalysts.

Bispecific antibodies are an up-and-coming type of construct among biologics. They are currently being produced by genetic engineering and expression. This Review highlights recently developed chemical methods for their construction.

DNA is a promising scaffold for guiding biomineralization. This Review describes how DNA nanostructures template calcium-based and silica biominerals, with applications envisioned in biomedicine, electronics and engineering.

Chemical reactions can still occur at temperatures as low as 1 μK. Under such conditions, however, quantum effects are increasingly important, challenging the common understanding of chemical reactivity. The current developments of experimental and theoretical approaches are starting to provide us with a clearer picture of chemistry close to absolute zero.

Bio-othogonal chemistry lets us determine the fate of a lignin monomer using a radical tag and EPR spectroscopy.