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Similarities in cancers can be studied to interrogate their etiology. Here, the authors use genome-wide association study summary statistics from six cancer types based on 296,215 cases and 301,319 controls of European ancestry, showing that solid tumours arising from different tissues share a degree of common germline genetic basis.

Multi-ancestry genome-wide analyses identify 95 loci associated with post-traumatic stress disorder and implicate candidate genes, pathways and neurobiological systems underlying its pathophysiology.

Engineering stabilized proteins is essential for industrial and pharmaceutical biotechnologies. Here, authors present Stability Oracle, a Graph-Transformer framework trained on protein masked microenvironments to predict protein thermodynamic stability, using less training data while achieving improved generalization.

Scientists find that spongin, a key biomaterial in sponges, contains the same collagens as mammals and that these biocomposites contain brominated crosslinks. Now, the question: “Maybe we are all sponge to some degree?” is no longer so absurd.

Comparison between structures of human, mouse and rat P2X7 receptors define ortholog-specific pharmacology and facilitated structure-based drug design of UB-MBX-46, an antagonist that selectively inhibits the human P2X7 receptor with sub-nanomolar potency.

Deep X-ray limits are placed on the source of the closest fast radio burst, FRB 20200120E, ruling out an ultraluminous X-ray source or a young extragalactic pulsar embedded in a Crab-like nebula as its origin.

An analysis of the impact of logging intensity on biodiversity in tropical forests in Sabah, Malaysia, identifies a threshold of tree biomass removal below which logged forests still have conservation value.

The third variable (V3) loop on the HIV-1 Env glycoprotein is required for viral entry. Here, the authors applied DARPin technology to produce broadly neutralizing inhibitors targeting a region of V3 that becomes accessible after binding to the CD4 receptor.

A structure of monolayer and bilayer graphene with a small twist between them shows correlated insulating states that can be tuned by changing the twist angle or applying an electric field.

Sialoglycan receptor binding promotes the D2 domain up conformation in the HKU1 coronavirus spike protein. Here the authors show that this conformational change is driven fundamentally by the full structuring of the canonical embecovirus binding site.

cryoDRGN-ET is a generative neural network method for heterogeneous reconstruction of cryo-ET subtomograms. Using subtomogram tilt-series images, it can capture states diverse in both composition and conformation.

The Vertebrate Genome Project has used an optimized pipeline to generate high-quality genome assemblies for sixteen species (representing all major vertebrate classes), which have led to new biological insights.

Quantifying the impact of copy-number alterations (CNAs) on gene expression at the subclone level in cancer remains a challenge. Here, the authors develop TreeAlign, a method that integrates sample-matched single-cell DNA and RNA sequencing data to infer the impact of CNAs on subclonal gene expression.

At present, there are no countermeasures against the GI genogroup of noroviruses. The authors characterize a protective human antibody that broadly recognizes this genogroup.

Why joints are highly responsive to systemic inflammation is unknown. Hasegawa et al. sought to address this question, developing a whole-mount imaging system of the entire synovium to profile the vascular, neuronal and immune components.

What is the state of trust in scientists around the world? To answer this question, the authors surveyed 71,922 respondents in 68 countries and found that trust in scientists is moderately high.

The authors show that brain inflammation in COVID-19 correlates with viral load, systemic inflammation and virus-sensing pattern recognition receptors. Microglial dysfunction occurs at sites of vascular inflammation with myelin injury and synapse loss.

Mutations of the histone H3K36-specific methyltransferase ASH1L have been linked to several human diseases. Here, the authors report the mechanism by which three C-terminal domains in ASH1L regulate its enzymatic activity and interact with chromatin.

The goal of the 1000 Genomes Project is to provide in-depth information on variation in human genome sequences. In the pilot phase reported here, different strategies for genome-wide sequencing, using high-throughput sequencing platforms, were developed and compared. The resulting data set includes more than 95% of the currently accessible variants found in any individual, and can be used to inform association and functional studies.

In wildlife tagging, stress from capture and handling can alter post- release behavior and potentially study interpretations. This study of 42 mammal species shows that these effects diminish within 4–7 days, and quicker for animals in high human activity areas indicating adaptation to disturbance.

This report from the 1000 Genomes Project describes the genomes of 1,092 individuals from 14 human populations, providing a resource for common and low-frequency variant analysis in individuals from diverse populations; hundreds of rare non-coding variants at conserved sites, such as motif-disrupting changes in transcription-factor-binding sites, can be found in each individual.

Analyses of genome and exome sequencing data identify rare coding and structural variants associated with atrial fibrillation and highlight genetic links between atrial fibrillation and cardiomyopathies.

The antiviral protein SP140 negatively regulates Ifnb1 mRNA stability by directly repressing the expression of the immune regulator RESIST.

Early Pleistocene artefacts at Calio suggest that Sulawesi was populated by hominins at around the same time as Flores, if not earlier.

Durable agonism of NPR1 achieved with a novel investigational monoclonal antibody could mirror the positive hemodynamic changes in blood pressure and heart failure identified in humans with lifelong exposure to NPR1 coding variants.

The perennial grass Miscanthus is a promising biomass crop. Here, via genomics and transcriptomics, the authors reveal its allotetraploid origin, characterize gene expression associated with rhizome development and nutrient recycling, and describe the hybrid origin of the triploid M. x giganteus.

A study of the evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in England between September 2020 and June 2021 finds that interventions capable of containing previous variants were insufficient to stop the more transmissible Alpha and Delta variants.

Typical quantum error correcting codes assign fixed roles to the underlying physical qubits. Now the performance benefits of alternative, dynamic error correction schemes have been demonstrated on a superconducting quantum processor.

Atlantic hurricane activity has increased since 1995. It is widely thought that rising Atlantic sea surface temperatures have played a role in this increase, but the magnitude of this contribution is not known. The contribution for storms that formed in the tropical North Atlantic, Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico is quantified using a statistical model based on two environmental variables: local sea surface temperature and an atmospheric wind field. It is found that local sea surface warming was responsible for roughly 40 per cent of the increase in hurricane activity between 1996 and 2005.

SAVANA is a tool to detect somatic structural variants and copy number aberrations using long-read sequencing data, offering high sensitivity, specificity and compatibility with or without germline controls.

Constructing genome graphs directly from genome assemblies overcomes single-reference bias.

Multiomic analysis of blast-phase myeloproliferative neoplasms identifies a chromosome 21 amplicon harboring DYRK1A as a clonal and therapeutically targetable event in around a quarter of cases.

Glucocorticoid resistance is partly due to epigenetic alterations, but the regulatory mechanisms driving these remain poorly understood. Here, a link between the activity of a lineage-specific transcription factor PU.1 and epigenetic modulators mediating the response to glucocorticoids is described in acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

A cross-ancestry meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies identifies association signals for stroke and its subtypes at 89 (61 new) independent loci, reveals putative causal genes, highlighting F11, KLKB1, PROC, GP1BA, LAMC2 and VCAM1 as potential drug targets, and provides cross-ancestry integrative risk prediction.

The mechanisms that govern the transdifferentiation of lung adenocarcinomas (ADC) to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are not fully understood. Here, the authors show that EZH2 loss exacerbates the transdifferentiation of ADCs to SCCs as a result of chromatin changes that lead to expression of squamous differentiation genes.

Al-Hilal, Chrysovergi et al. identify a role for durotaxis in lung fibrosis and metastatic pancreatic cancer, mediated by the FAK–paxillin mechanosensor complex, and demonstrate therapeutic targeting of this pathway using the small molecule JP-153.

The Late Miocene terrestrial climate in eastern North Greenland displayed elevated temperatures at moderate atmospheric CO₂ levels and was highly variable, reflecting the shifting orbital and ocean circulation forcings in the Arctic as the world cooled, according to proxy records from speleothems.

Candida auris is a fungal pathogen notorious for persistent skin colonization and transmission in healthcare settings. Here, Zhao et al. explore the mechanisms driving pathogen’s adherence to skin, involving a conserved adhesin, as well as the potential of collagen coatings as a strategy to reduce C. auris adherence to abiotic surfaces.

We present the complete 62,460,029-base-pair sequence of a human Y chromosome from the HG002 genome (T2T-Y) that corrects multiple errors in GRCh38-Y and adds over 30 million base pairs of sequence to the reference.

A study shows that loss of memory precision associated with systems consolidation can be explained by neurogenesis-dependent reorganization of engram circuitry within the hippocampus over time.

RNF213 is an E3 ligase with ATPase activity. Here, the authors show that RNF213 is activated by ATP binding and senses cellular energy states, and reveal a transthiolation mechanism induced by immune signals through ATP increase in macrophages.

Condensin-depleted mitotic chromosomes compartmentalize and form contacts among regulatory elements despite lacking transcription and most chromatin-associated factors. Heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) proteins are surprisingly dispensable for compartmentalizing constitutive heterochromatin.

A genome-wide association study including over 76,000 individuals with schizophrenia and over 243,000 control individuals identifies common variant associations at 287 genomic loci, and further fine-mapping analyses highlight the importance of genes involved in synaptic processes.

Experimental measurements of high-order out-of-time-order correlators on a superconducting quantum processor show that these correlators remain highly sensitive to the quantum many-body dynamics in quantum computers at long timescales.

Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies on Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias identifies new loci and enables generation of a new genetic risk score associated with the risk of future Alzheimer’s disease and dementia.

XTC is a supervised deep-learning-based image-restoration approach that is trained with images from different modalities and applied to an in vivo modality with no ground truth. XTC’s capabilities are demonstrated in synapse tracking in the mouse brain.

The authors identify genetic variation associated with properties of the internal biological structures of blood cells in hundreds of genes and show how such discoveries can be used to improve understanding of cellular mechanisms causing disease.

The processes that lead to losses of highly energetic particles from Earth’s radiation belts remain poorly understood. Here the authors compare observations and models of a 2013 event to show that electromagnetic ioncyclotron waves provide the dominant loss mechanism at ultra-relativistic energies.