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Genome-wide association meta-analysis identifies 58 independent risk loci for major anxiety disorders among individuals of European ancestry and implicates GABAergic signaling as a potential mechanism underlying genetic risk for these disorders.

Carrington and colleagues explore how HLA class I signal peptide polymorphism influences NK cell functionality. They derive a genetically informed SP score metric that predicts CD94/NKG2A–HLA-E binding strength, correlates with human CD56^bright NK responsiveness and associates with disease risk.

Englacial structures in the Greenland Ice Sheet contain debris lifted hundreds of metres into the ice column, likely forming as the expanding ice sheet overrode its frozen margin following the last interglacial, according to 3D airborne radar imaging.

This study uses the inception loop framework to map neuronal invariances in mouse V1, revealing a bipartite receptive-field organization linked to segmentation and a synaptic-level hierarchy of increasing invariance supported by the MICrONS dataset.

Disease heterogeneity complicates precision medicine, which focuses on single conditions and ignores shared mechanisms. Here the authors introduce ‘pan-disease’ analysis using a deep learning model on multi-organ data, identifying 11 AI-derived biomarkers that reveal new therapeutic targets and pathways, enhancing patient stratification for disease risk monitoring and drug discovery.

Diastereoselective hydrogenation of multi-substituted (hetero)arenes provides an efficient and industrially valuable route for transforming these compounds into diversified 3D building blocks, with broad applications such as drug discovery. Here, the authors demonstrate that a rationally designed Pt catalyst enables general diastereoselective hydrogenation of a wide variety of multi-substituted and functionalized arenes and heteroarenes under mild conditions.

PARM is a deep-learning model trained on data from massively parallel reporter assays to help predict promoter activity in different human cell types, design synthetic promoters and identify key features of regulatory promoter grammar.

A new method tests whether disease heritability is enriched near genes with high tissue-specific expression. The authors use gene expression data together with GWAS summary statistics for 48 diseases and traits to identify disease-relevant tissues.

Genomic analyses applied to 14 childhood- and adult-onset psychiatric disorders identifies five underlying genomic factors that explain the majority of the genetic variance of the individual disorders.

Genome-wide analyses in the Norwegian HUNT study with replication in Swedish and Finnish cohorts identify host genetic variants associated with gut microbiome features and provide evidence of a causal effect of body mass index on gut microbiota composition.

A brain–heart–eye axis is generated through integration of multi-omics and multi-organ data from UKBB, BLSA, FinnGen and PGC, revealing phenotypic landscapes and genetic arcitectures of disease.

The authors defined a roadmap for investigating the genetic covariance between structural or functional brain phenotypes and risk for psychiatric disorders. Their proof-of-concept study using the largest available common variant data sets for schizophrenia and volumes of several (mainly subcortical) brain structures did not find evidence of genetic overlap.

Reduced glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is a hallmark of chronic kidney disease. Here, Pattaro et al. conduct a meta-analysis to discover several new loci associated with variation in eGFR and find that genes associated with eGFR loci often encode proteins potentially related to kidney development.

Telomere shortening marks cellular aging and links to heart disease. Here, the authors show shared genetic loci between leukocyte telomere length and coronary artery disease, highlighting genes such as SH2B3 and pathways involved in DNA biosynthesis and telomere maintenance.

Study shows PTSD predisposition shares distinct genes and genomic regions with several cardiovascular conditions. Here the findings reveal neuronal, immune, and metabolic pathways, and repurposed drug targets that further the understanding of the comorbidity.

Multi-ancestry genome-wide and transcriptome-wide association studies of aortic stenosis identify more than 200 independent risk loci and provide insights into its genetic architecture.

Cardiovascular diseases often co-occur. Here the authors conduct cross-disease genome wide association studies using multi-trait analyses to uncover shared genetic mechanisms contributing to overlapping risk profiles.

Here the authors provide an explanation for 95% of examined predicted loss of function variants found in disease-associated haploinsufficient genes in the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD), underscoring the power of the presented analysis to minimize false assignments of disease risk.

A genome-wide study by the Long COVID Host Genetics Initiative identifies an association between the FOXP4 locus and long COVID, implicating altered lung function in its pathophysiology.

Here the authors perform a trans expression quantitative trait locus meta-analysis study of over 3,700 people and link a USP18 variant to expression of 50 inflammation genes and lupus risk, highlighting how genetic regulation of immune responses drives autoimmune disease and informs new therapies.

Hundreds of genetic loci associated with age at menopause, combined with experimental evidence in mice, highlight mechanisms of reproductive ageing across the lifespan.

Being fit has been linked to a lower risk of type 2 diabetes, but it is unclear whether this relationship is causal. Using large scale studies with genetic data and measurements of cardiorespiratory fitness, the authors show evidence that higher genetically predicted fitness is causally associated with lower risk of type 2 diabetes independent of adiposity.

A global network of researchers was formed to investigate the role of human genetics in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity; this paper reports 13 genome-wide significant loci and potentially actionable mechanisms in response to infection.

Under total internal reflection light acquires a phase shift that depends on its polarisation. Here, the authors show that this effect can be harnessed to generate so-called vector vortex beams—light with polarization and phase singularities—when white light is back-reflected from a glass cone

The carbonylation of alkenes is tremendously important industrial process, but many substrates are highly challenging. Here the authors report a highly active catalytic system for the alkoxycarbonylation of alkenes that is also general across the range of alkene substitution patterns.

Inbreeding depression has been observed in many different species, but in humans a systematic analysis has been difficult so far. Here, analysing more than 1.3 million individuals, the authors show that a genomic inbreeding coefficient (FROH) is associated with disadvantageous outcomes in 32 out of 100 traits tested.

A comparison between the use of directed self-assembly and conventional patterning methods in the fabrication of 7 nm node FinFETs shows similar device performance, suggesting directed self-assembly could offer a simplified patterning technique for future semiconductor technology nodes.

An analysis of rare genetic variants identifies three genes—MAP1A, ANO8 and ANK2—that have a role in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and investigates the potential underlying biological mechanisms.

Scanning tunnelling microscopy is enhanced by microwave radiation that allows photon-assisted tunnelling processes. This technique is demonstrated on impurity states in a superconductor.

Polygenic scores for body mass index and obesity constructed using data from 5 million people with different ancestries were associated with distinct weight gain trajectories from early childhood to adulthood.

The authors conducted a genome-wide association study of educational attainment in an East Asian ancestry cohort, and a cross-ancestry meta-analysis with earlier genome-wide association studies from European ancestry populations, providing new insights into correlations and transferability between ancestries.

Genome-wide analyses identify variants associated with infertility and reproductive hormone levels but find limited polygenic overlap between reproductive hormone levels and infertility at the population level.