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The semileptonic decay channels of the Λc baryon can give important insights into weak interaction, but decay into a neutron, positron and electron neutrino has not been reported so far, due to difficulties in the final products’ identification. Here, the BESIII Collaboration reports its observation in e+e- collision data, exploiting machine-learning-based identification techniques.

The authors present an exciting 3D meta-holography based on angular spectrum diffraction theory that significantly improves depth limits. The showcased amorphous silicon metasurface with independent polarization control herein achieves a 47.5x depth increase and 0.95 dm depth reconstructions for polarization-independent and different color 3D meta-hologram.

Industrial thermocatalytic hydrogenation requires excessive H₂ gas and high temperature operation. Here, the authors report a room-temperature electrochemistry-assisted hydrogenation process using a palladium membrane as the catalyst and water as the hydrogen source, eliminating the need for H₂ gas.

Hydrogels are promising materials but are often limited by inadequate mechanical properties and time-consuming fabrication processes. Here the authors demonstrate a rapid biomimetic interfacial-bonding nanocomposite strategy for ultra-tough hydrogels with high tensile strength.

The authors report the colossal barocaloric effect driven reversibly by low pressure in two dimensional van-der-Waals alkylammonium halides, underlyingly from the disordering of the organic alkyl chains within the two-dimensional structure.

The first known local mpox outbreak in Guangdong Province, China occurred in June 2023. Here, the authors perform phylogenetic and molecular evolution analysis of ten mpox virus genome sequences from this outbreak, and place them in the context of other samples detected in surrounding regions.

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification has important implications in different cancer subtypes. Here, the authors perform transcriptomic m6A profiling to identify two subtypes of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma with differential m6A modifications and different clinical outcomes, which is driven by m6A regulator CSTF2.

Non-pharmaceutical interventions implemented to mitigate COVID-19 transmission are likely to have impacted spread of other infectious diseases. Here, the authors investigate changes in the incidence of 31 notifiable infectious diseases using surveillance data from China.

The transportation of large molecules through the vascular endothelium presents a major challenge forin vivodrug delivery. Here, the authors demonstrate the potential of using external magnetic fields and magnetic nanoparticles to enhance the local extravasation of circulating large molecules.

The hearing-loss phenotype can be corrected via the injection, into the inner ear, of a base editor packaged in an adeno-associated virus, as shown in mice harbouring a mutation homozygous to human OTOF and in humanized mice with the human mutation.

Antibodies targeting sclerostin can ameliorate postmenopausal osteoporosis but present some cardiovascular risk. Here the authors show that the cardiovascular and skeletal effects of sclerostin are mediated by different loops, suggesting ways to preserve the positive effects on bone formation while avoiding the negative cardiovascular consequences.

In black phosphorus, a model semiconductor, analysis of time and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy measurements demonstrates a strong light-induced band renormalization with light polarization dependence, suggesting pseudospin-selective Floquet band engineering.

Spreading processes and cascading failures on complex networks are often triggered by external perturbations. The authors uncover the impact of network motifs on the processes of perturbations propagation through networks, and networks’ response dynamics.

The bacterium Helicobacter pylori, often found in the human stomach, can be classified into distinct subpopulations associated with the geographic origin of the host. Here, the authors provide insights into H. pylori population structure by collecting over 1,000 clinical strains from 50 countries and generating and analyzing high-quality bacterial genome sequences.

Analysis of HbA1c and FPG levels across 117 population-based studies demonstrates regional variation in prevalence of previously undiagnosed screen-detected diabetes using one or both measures and suggests that use of elevated FPG alone could underestimate diabetes prevalence in low- and middle-income countries.

The molecular target of the antidiabetic medicine metformin is identified as PEN2, a subunit of γ-secretases, and the PEN2–ATP6AP1 axis offers potential targets for screening for metformin substitutes.

N⁶-methyladenosine RNA and its reader YTHDC1 serve as a bridge to silencing retrotransposons through the RNA derived from these retrotransposons in mouse ES cells.

Designing intrinsically stretchable semiconducting polymers with suitable charge transport and mechanical properties required for stretchable electronic devices remains a challenge. Here, the authors report terpolymer-based semiconductors with intrinsically high stretchability and mobility.

Energy-level mismatches and defects at the inorganic perovskite/fullerene interface limit the performance of solar cells. Now Li et al. address these issues with a dipolar molecule, enabling the use of wide-bandgap inorganic perovskites in all-perovskite tandem cells.

Heavy noise and missing wedge effect hamper the efficient visualization and analysis in cryo-ET. Here, authors present a deep learning-based method for directly visualizing and revealing the dynamic states of target molecules.

Protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2 relies on both antibodies and a T cell dependent response, however, direct experimental evidence for the contribution of cellular immunity is limited. Here authors present a mouse model that is susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 and lacks B cells to demonstrate the emergence of efficient cellular immune response against SARS-CoV-2 upon vaccination or viral challenge.

The use of biomarkers of ageing is crucial for investigating age-related processes. This Review discusses biomarkers of ageing and of ageing-associated physiological changes, at the cellular, tissue and organism levels in humans and non-human primates.

Fine-scale geospatial mapping of overweight and wasting (two components of the double burden of malnutrition) in 105 LMICs shows that overweight has increased from 5.2% in 2000 to 6.0% in children under 5 in 2017. Although overall wasting decreased over the same period, most countries are not on track to meet the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target of <5% in over half of LMICs by 2025.

Zuo et al. developed a highly bright and stable green fluorescent RNA for robust imaging of the dynamics of messenger RNA in living cells, enabling visualization of nonuniform and distinct distributions of different RNAs throughout stress granules.

Here the authors report a terahertz detector with a Q value of 1017, embedded in a Tamm cavity and offers a 469 MHz bandwidth. It features an Nb5N6 microbolometer in an Si/air DBR and metal reflector, with tunable resonant frequency via substrate layer thickness.

Myeloid cell subsets are playing important roles in antitumour immunity, and genes affecting their functions are potential targets for immunotherapy. Here authors show that genomic deletion of Pikfyve in CD11c⁺ cells results in tumour growth inhibition via enhanced antigen presentation and priming of antigen-specific CD8⁺ T cells in a mouse tumor model.

Anode-free batteries are cost effective but limited by unstable anode morphology and interface reactions. Here the authors discuss design parameters and construct an anode-free sodium solid-state battery using compressed aluminium particles as the anode current collector to improve cycling performance.

Multi-omics profiling of the blood and heart of two human decedents receiving pig heart xenografts, including single-cell studies, reveals early immune responses and perioperative cardiac xenograft dysfunction in one of the two decedents, which may be due to mismatched heart size and/or insufficient immunosuppression.

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients often acquire resistant to chemotherapy. In this study, the authors identify the IRAK1 as the crucial driver of NF-κB-related cytokine secretion involved in TNBC metastasis and therapy resistance.

A photonic anomalous Floquet insulator is emulated in a silicon photonic chip. Up to four-photon topologically protected entangled states are generated in a monolithically integrated emitter in ambient conditions through four-wave mixing on top of the edge modes of the insulator.

Contrary to the view that urbanization is a major driver of the global rise in obesity, the global increase in body-mass index is shown to be mostly due to increases in the body-mass indexes of rural populations.

Chip-based architectures for mid-infrared gas sensing could enable many applications. In this direction, the authors demonstrate a microcomb-based dual-comb spectroscopy sensor with GHz resolution in the mid-IR band, with stability completely determined by a single high-Q microresonator.

The C. elegans neuropil is shown to be organized into four strata composed of related behavioural circuits, and its design principles are linked to the developmental processes that underpin its assembly.

Previous work suggested that histone demethylase JMJD3 is detrimental to somatic cell reprogramming. Here, the authors show that while JMJD3 has a context-independent detrimental effect on early stages of reprogramming, during late stages it activates epithelial and pluripotency genes together with Klf4.

Low-frequency quasiperiodic oscillations in X-ray data are thought to trace the accretion flow in X-ray binaries. Here, the detection of 200 keV oscillations probes the innermost regions of MAXI J1820+070, revealing the precession of a small-scale jet.

Solution shearing of semiconducting polymers with a patterned blade induces improved alignment of the polymeric chains at the nano- and macroscale. This leads to increased charge transport in stretchable, roll-to-roll deposited organic transistors.

The authors report an Initial Upper Palaeolithic archaeological assemblage from China dating to 45,000 years ago that includes blade technology, tanged and hafted projectile points, long-distance obsidian transfer and the use of a perforated graphite disc.

Li-ion cathode active materials are transitioning from poly- to single-crystal structures. However, the performance of high Ni-content single-crystal cathodes remains below expectations. Here, via Al/Zr co-doping, the authors propose a strategy to mitigate structural degradation in this class of materials.

Labeling newly transcribed RNA with 5-ethynyluridine and adding biotin via click chemistry allows the analysis of the proteome bound to the various RNA species, including nascent RNA.

The foundry-compatible platform could facilitate integration of phase change materials for reconfigurable photonics and open up the possibility of integrating excellent optoelectronic materials into future silicon photonic process design kits.

Zhu et al. report a quantitative and time-resolved analysis of hydrogen activation on Ga₂O₃, specifically shedding light on the long-standing puzzle of homolytic dissociation as opposed to the heterolytic pathway on oxides.

Catalyst activation commonly occurs during reactions. This study demonstrates that the surface’s active structure in nitride catalysts during the reverse water gas-shift reaction varies with the partial pressure of reaction products, resulting in enhanced catalytic activity through positive feedback between catalytic activity and the evolution of MoNx’s active structure.

By combining nano-spot angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy, the authors resolve the fine electronic structure of the flat band and remote bands of twisted bilayer graphene as the twist angle varies, revealing a spectral weight transfer between remote bands that is attributed to lattice relaxations.